How to Make a Sine Wave in Powerpoint TUTORIAL

How to Make a Sine Wave in Powerpoint

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Sine waves PowerPoint Presentation

Sine waves

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Sine waves

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1. Sine waves The sinusoidal waveform (sine wave) is the central alternating current (ac) and alternating voltage waveform. Electrical sine waves are named from the mathematical function with the aforementioned shape.

2. A moving ridge is a disturbance. Unlike h2o waves, electrical waves cannot be seen directly but they have similar characteristics. All periodic waves can be constructed from sine waves, which is why sine waves are fundamental.

3. A T Sine waves Sine waves are characterized by the amplitude and catamenia. The amplitude is the maximum value of a voltage or electric current; the period is the time interval for one consummate bike. Example The amplitude (A) of this sine wave is 20 V The period is fifty.0 ms

4. T T T T T T A Sine waves The menses of a sine wave can be measured betwixt any ii respective points on the waveform. Past contrast, the aamplitude of a sine wave is but measured from the eye to the maximum bespeak.

5. 1.0 s Frequency Frequency ( f ) is the number of cycles that a sine wave completes in one second. • Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz). Example If three cycles of a moving ridge occur in one second, the frequency is 3.0 Hz

6. (The 1/x primal on your reckoner is handy for converting betwixt f and T.) Menses and frequency The catamenia and frequency are reciprocals of each other. and Thus, if you know one, you can hands find the other. Example If the period is fifty ms, the frequency is 0.02 MHz = 20 kHz.

7. A B C D When the loop is moving perpendicular to the lines of flux, the maximum voltage is induced. When the conductor is moving parallel with the lines of flux, no voltage is induced. Sine waves Sinusoidal voltage sources Generation of a sine wave Sinusoidal voltages are produced by ac generators and electronic oscillators. When a conductor rotates in a constant magnetic field, a sinusoidal moving ridge is generated.

8. Ac generator (alternator) Generators convert rotational energy to electric energy. A stationary field alternator with a rotating armature is shown. The armature has an induced voltage, which is connected through slip rings and brushes to a load. The armature loops are wound on a magnetic core (not shown for simplicity). Small alternators may use a permanent magnet as shown here; other apply field coils to produce the magnetic flux.

9. AC generator (alternator) By increasing the number of poles, the number of cycles per revolution is increased. A four-pole generator will produce two complete cycles in each revolution.

10. Role generators Readout Typical controls: Function selection Frequency Range Adapt Outputs Output level (amplitude) Duty cycle DC showtime CMOS output

11. VP Sine moving ridge voltage and current values There are several means to specify the voltage of a sinusoidal voltage waveform. The amplitude of a sine wave is likewise chosen the elevation value, abbreviated as VP for a voltage waveform. Example The peak voltage of this waveform is 20 V.

12. Vrms Sine wave voltage and current values The voltage of a sine wave tin also exist specified equally either the tiptop-to-elevation or the rms value. The peak-to-top is twice the peak value. The rms value is 0.707 times the peak value. Example The peak-to-peak voltage is twoscore V. VPP The rms voltage is xiv.1 V.

13. Vavg Sine wave voltage and current values For some purposes, the average value (actually the half-wave average) is used to specify the voltage or current. Past definition, the boilerplate value is as 0.637 times the top value. Case The average value for the sinusoidal voltage is 12.7 V.

14. Angular measurement Angular measurements tin can be made in degrees (o) or radians. The radian (rad) is the angle that is formed when the arc is equal to the radius of a circle. There are 360o or 2p radians in one complete revolution.

15. Athwart measurement Considering there are 2p radians in one complete revolution and 360o in a revolution, the conversion between radians and degrees is easy to write. To detect the number of radians, given the number of degrees: To find the number of degrees, given the radians:

16. Sine moving ridge equation Instantaneous values of a wave are shown as v or i. The equation for the instantaneous voltage (five) of a sine wave is where Vp = Elevation voltage q = Bending in rad or degrees Example If the elevation voltage is 25 V, the instantaneous voltage at 50 degrees is nineteen.2 V

17. Sine wave equation A plot of the instance in the previous slide (peak at 25 5) is shown. The instantaneous voltage at 50o is 19.2 V as previously calculated.

18. Phase shift The stage of a sine wave is an angular measurement that specifies the position of a sine wave relative to a reference. To show that a sine wave is shifted to the left or right of this reference, a term is added to the equation given previously. where f = Phase shift

19. …and the equation has a negative stage shift Find that a lagging sine wave is below the axis at 0o Stage shift Example of a moving ridge that lags the reference v = 30 Five sin (q- 45o)

20. Detect that a leading sine wave is above the centrality at 0o …and the equation has a positive phase shift Stage shift Case of a wave that leads the reference 5 = xxx 5 sin (q + 45o)

21. Phasors The sine wave can exist represented as the projection of a vector rotating at a constant rate. This rotating vector is called a phasor.

22. Phasors Phasors allow ac calculations to use basic trigonometry. The sine function in trigonometry is the ratio of the opposite side of a correct triangle to the adjacent side.

23. Angular velocity of a phasor When a phasor rotates through 360 or two radians, one complete cycle is traced out. The velocity of rotation is called the athwart velocity ().  = twof (Note that this athwart velocity is expressed in radians per second.) The instantaneous voltage at any point in time is given by v = Vpsin twof

24. Superimposed dc and ac voltages Frequently dc and air-conditioning voltages are together in a waveform. They can exist added algebraically, to produce a blended waveform of an ac voltage "riding" on a dc level.

25. End of Lesson Boosted slides follow that explain some wave forms other than sine waves. This section is not necessary for this course.

26. Selected Key Terms A type of waveform that follows a cyclic sinusoidal pattern defined by the formula y = A sin q. Sine wave Alternating electric current Menses (T) Frequency (f) Hertz Current that reverses direction in response to a change in source voltage polarity. The time interval for one complete cycle of a periodic waveform. A measure of the rate of alter of a periodic office; the number of cycles completed in one s. The unit of frequency. One hertz equals one bike per second.

27. Selected Cardinal Terms The voltage or electric current value of a waveform at a given instant in fourth dimension. Instantaneous value Peak value Peak-to-peak value rms value The voltage or current value of a waveform at its maximum positive or negative points. The voltage or current value of a waveform measured from its minimum to its maximum points. The value of a sinusoidal voltage that indicates its heating result, likewise known as effective value. It is equal to 0.707 times the peak value. rms stands for root mean square.

28. A unit of angular measurement. At that place are 2p radians in one complete 360o revolution. Radian Phasor Amplitude Pulse Harmonics A representation of a sine wave in terms of its magnitude (amplitude) and direction (phase angle). The maximum value of a voltage or current. A type of waveform that consists of two equal and contrary steps in voltage or electric current separated past a fourth dimension interval. The frequencies contained in a composite waveform, which are integer multiples of the pulse repetition frequency.

29. Quiz one. In Northward America, the frequency of ac utility voltage is 60 Hz. The menstruation is a. 8.3 ms b. 16.vii ms c. 60 ms d. threescore s

30. Quiz 2. The amplitude of a sine wave is measured a. at the maximum point b. between the minimum and maximum points c. at the midpoint d. anywhere on the wave

31. Quiz 3. An example of an equation for a waveform that lags the reference is a. five = -40 V sin (q) b. 5 = 100 Five sin (q + 35o) c. v = five.0 V sin (q- 27o) d. v = 27 Five

32. Quiz iv. In the equation v = Vp sin q , the alphabetic character v stands for the a. elevation value b. average value c. rms value d. instantaneous value

33. Quiz 5. The time base of an oscilloscope is determined past the setting of the a. vertical controls b. horizontal controls c. trigger controls d. none of the above

34. Quiz 6. The number of radians in 90o are a. p/2 b. p c. 2p/3 d. 2p

35. Quiz 7. For the waveform shown, the aforementioned ability would be delivered to a load with a dc voltage of a. 21.2 V b. 37.8 V c. 42.iv V d. sixty.0 V

36. Quiz 8. A control on the oscilloscope that is used to prepare the desired number of cycles of a moving ridge on the display is a. volts per division control b. time per division control c. trigger level command d. horizontal position control

37. Quiz Answers: 1. b 2. a three. c four. d 5. b half-dozen. a 7. c viii. b

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How to Make a Sine Wave in Powerpoint TUTORIAL

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